StigmaScope
Explore Stigma in the U.S.
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New Jersey

Types of Stigma Interventions

The following stigma-related interventions were conducted in this state.

Community Health Worker curriculum intervention by Rajabiun et al. (2021)


Study & Intervention Summary

The intervention involves a comprehensive training program for Community Health Workers (CHWs) and their supervisors, focusing on HIV-specific content and core competency training. The program was grounded in the Popular Education model and the CHW Core Consensus Competency (C3) framework, with 80 hours of training for CHWs and 20 hours for supervisors, delivered over 1.5 years through in-person and virtual sessions. The aim was to improve CHW integration into the HIV care team, enhance skills and confidence, and improve health outcomes for people with HIV.


Stigma Type Addressed
Internalized, Anticipated, Perceived, Enacted
Study Population - Recipients
Healthcare Providers/Staff
Intervention Level
Organizational (healthcare, school)
Intervention Setting Addressed
Healthcare
Article Link
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8362906/

Step UP! To Stamp Out Stigma


Study & Intervention Summary

The study aimed to adapt and test a bystander intervention model to reduce HIV-related stigma. The intervention involved didactic training, group discussions, and interactions between PLHIV, their friends/family members, and healthcare workers. It was associated with decreased feelings of powerlessness but not immediate stigma reduction. The study provides a blueprint for future adaptations and suggests the need for large-scale randomized trials.


Stigma Type Addressed
Internalized, Anticipated, Perceived, Structural
Study Population - Recipients
General (PLHIV), Healthcare Providers/Staff, Friends/Family
Intervention Level
Individual - Intrapersonal (Self)
Intervention Setting Addressed
Individual

Structural Stigma

HIV CRIMINALIZATION LAWS

no
As of 2025, No: New Jersey doesn't have HIV criminalization law but does have HIV-specific sentencing enhancements or No HIV-specific law

HATE CRIME DATA COLLECTION LAW

yes
As of 2025, Yes: New Jersey requires hate crime data collection

HATE CRIMES BY YEAR

Number of Hate Crimes
0
500
1000
1500
226
1228
1422
2021
2022
2023
Years
Data view:
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?

9%

Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?

35%

Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?

44%

Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

38%

Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

31%
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?

27%

Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?

43%
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

25%

Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

19%
9.1%

Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?

34.8%

Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?

43.5%

Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?

38%

Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

31.2%

Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

26.9%

Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?

43.2%

Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?

24.8%

Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

19.1%

Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

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