StigmaScope
Explore Stigma in the U.S.
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Oklahoma

Types of Stigma Interventions

The following stigma-related interventions were conducted in this state.

Multi-intervention package for rural older adults with HIV by Walsh et al. (2024)


Study & Intervention Summary

The study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of four remotely-delivered interventions (group-based social support, group-based stigma reduction, individual strengths-based case management, and individual technology detailing) designed to improve care engagement and quality of life among rural older adults living with HIV. The interventions target improving viral suppression and quality of life, and the study assesses their preliminary impact on various health outcomes.


Stigma Type Addressed
Internalized, Enacted, Structural
Study Population - Recipients
General (PLHIV)
Intervention Level
Individual - Intrapersonal (Self), Interpersonal (Family/Friends)
Intervention Setting Addressed
Individual
Article Link
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11577818/

Structural Stigma

HIV CRIMINALIZATION LAWS

yes
As of 2025, Yes: Oklahoma has a HIV criminalization law and sentencing enhancements or sex offender registration (or both) or HIV criminalization law only

HATE CRIME DATA COLLECTION LAW

yes
As of 2025, Yes: Oklahoma requires hate crime data collection

HATE CRIMES BY YEAR

Number of Hate Crimes
0
50
60
70
80
76
63
63
2021
2022
2023
Years
Data view:
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?

10%

Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?

44%

Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?

55%

Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

40%

Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

39%
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?

40%

Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?

55%
Individual Item
Proportion

Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

34%

Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

27%
10.6%

Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?

43.5%

Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?

54.6%

Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?

39.7%

Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

39.2%

Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?

39.6%

Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?

54.6%

Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?

33.7%

Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

26.8%

Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?

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